While bulk quantification typically demands a homogeneous composition within the analytical volume, many samples in Cultural Heritage do not fulfill this criterion. Does this imply that they cannot be quantified? Not necessarily! Yet, quantifying non-homogeneous or finite samples requires additional information and specialized approaches, and is therefore less straightforward, as discussed in previous webinars for bulk samples .
Examples of non-infinite samples include metallic foils such as gildings (as in Figure 1) or ink on manuscripts. In this webinar, we aim to present approaches for potential quantification, highlighting best practices and acknowledging limitations. For such applications, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) proves a valuable approach, as it provides information not limited to the surface but extends to the underlying layers or materials. This characteristic renders XRF an ideal tool for technological applications involving coatings. In the field of Heritage Science, achieving this is not always straightforward; yet it remains a valuable pursuit.
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